Do all arguements about abortion come down to the question of what is Research Paper

Do all arguements about premature birth come down to the topic of what is the ethical status of a baby Explain - Research Paper Example It is clearly a significant choice since it concerns the life of a person. The life being referred to incorporates that of the mother conveying the youngster just as the embryo itself. Speculations of premature birth follow most contentions concerning confidence and various circumstances that a pregnant lady is in. in the circumstance of imperiled life, even ethical quality should prevail upon premature birth as the proper activity. Ethical quality therefore, should help pregnant people who are in cruel circumstances acquire help. In case of an ectopic pregnancy for instance, the lives of both the mother and her youngster face prospects of misfortune. It is just sensible, with the understanding of expert clinical medicinal services, that a solitary life in any event be spared. If premature birth isn't done, at that point there are odds of losing the two lives. Opponents of fetus removal contend that it is good to spare an actual existence than lose the two existences of a mother and her youngster. Because of the requirement for a law for fetus removal in nations, it is essential to consider all points of view gave by speculations. Hypotheses concerning premature birth or some other issue are an introduction of people’s assessment. In considering hypotheses in this manner, the legislature and different specialists ought to consistently consider speculations while evaluating what to authorize and what not to legitimize. Where premature birth is illicit, numerous instances of unlawful methods are accounted for. Such cases present peril to the lives of youngsters. Profound quality is in this manner valuable while instructing young people on counteraction quantifies that may prompt pregnancy. It should no different, not defraud them and different grown-ups if an undesirable pregnancy happens. Profound quality ought to guarantee that people with undesirable pregnancies or whose lives are in danger for reasons unknown get valuable clinical assistance. For a pre mature birth to be completed effectively, it need not present delayed consequences of infertility on the lady it is done on. Such open and legal consolation to proficient strategy supports wellbeing security and decreases further harms emerging from the system. Premature birth is right off the bat an individual worry for the mother of the youngster being referred to. It is important as couples settle on the choice to dispose of a kid, that they think about all parts of information concern the strategy. This is on the grounds that despite the fact that profound quality demoralizes premature birth, it can't force compellingly on a person’s dynamic. It can just guarantee they are educated. As a demonstration, fetus removal can be muddled and destructive to the ladies who experience it. With so much arrangements as expert human services that permits safe techniques, moderate expenses for the equivalent, at that point fetus removal will be less belittled. It is additionally signif icant no different to understand the mischief fetus removal can cause and why is smarter to forestall a pregnancy in any case than stress over disposing of it. Presumptions made by moralistic explanation guarantee that an individual doing a fetus removal may do it because of imprudent living and absence of worry for their lives and those of others. Such being potential outcomes, it is critical to stress and lecture contraception among individuals who are explicitly dynamic. Profound quality is fundamental as a way to contend fetus removal. In any case, it ought not be made a method of fan. Ethical quality thus should put together its contentions with respect to reason and logical proof. It is additionally essential that the law stress its outskirts so as to maintain a strategic distance from any type of narrow mindedness with respect to pregnant ladies looking for premature birth. Attestations concerning

How significantly does a democratic political system impinge on the Essay

How essentially does a fair political framework encroach on the direct of international strategy Is such obstruction alluring - Essay Example Anyway positive ramifications of the component of vote based system in the US international strategy have been shown by its job in improving dependability in districts of the world that are under political difficulties and the utilization of vote based system as an instrument of advancing flourishing inside the creating countries. This exposition gives a basic investigation and contention on the criticalness and job of majority rule thoughts on international strategy with an exceptional spotlight on the US international strategy. The article targets contending that the impedance of a majority rule framework on the international strategy is attractive. Bouchet (2011, p. 572) says that the hugeness of a vote based political framework in forming the international strategy is exhibited by the US international strategy whose key need is to spread majority rule government to different pieces of the world. Anyway a few ways of thinking contend that popular government as characterized inside the US international strategy is only one of the key targets that the US plans to grant impact on different countries of the universes particularly inside the Asian social orders and the creating scene (Berger, 2011, p. 38). The issue of majority rule government is significant in the US international strategy as outlined by talks of presidential competitors and the conversations of Members of the Congress who characterize vote based system inside the international strategy of the US. Notwithstanding this, it is contended that what makes a difference is the where, when and how in the use of international strategy with respect to the standards of majority rule government which matters the most (Miller, 2005, p. 174). There are anyway prominent troubles which are looked by the democratization forms inside the US international strategy whose criticalness is delineated by the way that political pioneers have utilized expensive proportions of conquering these difficulties (Clarke, 2000, p. 103). Hassan and Ralph (2011, p. 513) call attention to that during the First World War; the cooperation of the US was planned for making world areas and economies safe enough for practicing majority rule political frameworks, qualities and standards. Since this war, the US organization has centered energies at guaranteeing that majority rule government was advanced in the distinctive political frameworks of the world. For instance presidents Reagan, Bush, Clinton and Obama have shown that the most significant part of the US international strategy is the need to advance majority rule government (Guerlain, 2011, p. 372). The Bush organization exhibited the effect of majority rules system on international strategy by utilizing it as an apparatus for the advancement of harmony and controling fear based oppression. In the discourses of Bush, war on fear and democratization was the focal segment in the depiction of the US international strategy (Berger, 2011, p. 47). The centrality of equitable political frameworks in structuring international strategy was shown by the Secretary of State during the Bush Administration, Dr. Condoleezza Rice. The Secretary of State concocted a discretion plan toward the beginning of January, 2006 which was planned for bringing political change by working with political accomplices to assemble law based states and support vote based political frameworks (Bouchet, 2011, p. 577). Decidedly, Rice’s plan was repeated in October, 2006 inside the State Department. In this sense, fair political frameworks are seen to significantly affect the plan and execution of remote p

Ultimate Guide to Program Management

Ultimate Guide to Program Management Management is a vital ingredient towards achieving organizational goals. More often than not, however, our knowledge about this discipline is limited to the management of people and resources, but not really a lot about the management of activities and processes. When we do, we are more focused on the short-term projects, not knowing that there is a bigger, wider discipline at work. The short-term approach may work for many smaller operations, but if we are talking about larger companies, there is a need for a more sweeping approach, one that encompasses more than one or two projects at one time. © Shutterstock.com | therombWe will show you 1) what is program management, 2) the benefits of using program management, 3) the differences between program and project management, 4) the role of a program manager, and 5) major program management tools and techniques.PROGRAM MANAGEMENTAccording to the Program Management Institute (PMI), program management involves a “group of related projects that are managed in a coordinated manner in order to obtain benefits and control, which are not present if said projects were individually managed”.This involves a collective of large-scale individual yet related or interdependent projects that span more than one year, with the deliverables expected to be completed and submitted in succession or at intervals. These individual deliverables are then taken as a whole when evaluating the program. It also often involves large sums of money, incurring millions of dollars in costs. Naturally, it is also expected that more than a few people are invo lved in the program. More often than not, in large and complex programs, there could be more than a couple of hundreds of people involved in the program at one point or another.Program management refers to the combination of all the abilities and resources of the organization, including, but not limited to, the aspects of planning, progress monitoring, scheduling, cost tracking, and reporting of ongoing and completed activities into one comprehensive and integrated program.A simple example would be a company manufacturing mobile phones. The company plans to launch a new line of mobile phones to rival, say, Apple’s iPhone within the next 12 months. This is a major undertaking, and one that requires all the resources of the company to be put to use. Early on, all divisions of the company will be engaged, such as the product development team, the design team, the marketing team, and even the distribution team. They each have their own projects, but they are all related in that they a re working towards the same objective: the launch of the new line of mobile phones.There is a need to make all these groups or projects cohesive, so program management is called for. This will ensure that all the efforts are coordinated. Dozens and even hundreds of people may be involved, but there is one single figure that exercises centralized authority over all aspects of the program: the Program Manager.Program management involves the following functions:Oversight of the application and execution related to projects. It does not involve only one or two projects. Programs are comprised of several projects that are related or bound by a single goal or objective. They are also expected to adhere to predetermined standards and processes when they are executed. Through program management, these projects are overseen with the end (the organization’s strategic goals) always in sight.Establishment of business and technical processes. Effective program management entails having busines s and technical processes firmly in place before any project or undertaking is started.Audit and implementation of established processes. There is a need to always review if the processes are implemented properly and efficiently. There is bound to be a change in business operations that will require the processes to be tweaked or altered in order to achieve best results. For example, some technical processes may have to be revamped due to the introduction of new technologies.Analysis of performance of the members of the organization and the organization as a whole. It is not just the business and technical processes that need review. Program management will also put the individual and team performances of members of the organization in the spotlight.Measurement and monitoring. Decisions are made based on historical information derived from actual results and performance. Program management makes it possible to monitor and measure the performance and conduct of projects towards achie ving organizational goals, and the information gathered will be used by top management in all its future decision-making processes.BENEFITS OF PROGRAM MANAGEMENTOf course, the ultimate benefit of program management is the achievement of the company’s business goals. There are many ways that an effective program management can accomplish that.It provides top management with a comprehensive view of the organization and its activities.If the project-by-project approach was taken in monitoring the activities or progress of the organization, you can expect it to take a long time, not to mention the confusion that would come with it. Program managers can take a coordinated approach in handling and evaluating the projects, which may span different departments or areas of the organization, but are still connected. Program managers will be able to tell right away which projects are doing well, which ones need more work, and which ones are not going to benefit the organization in the end. T his aids senior levels of management in their decision-making processes.It ensures that all activities within the organization are aligned towards its goals.Every evaluation of program managers of the different projects will be in accordance with the strategic goals of the organization. They are responsible for evaluating whether the activities of a project will help in delivering value, as well as increasing revenue and reducing costs.In program management, reporting is consolidated, which allows for equally consolidated analysis of top level management of the overall progress of the organization towards its goals.It maximizes human and other resources.Effective program management involves putting in place a plan of how the activities will be performed, who will perform them, and what rules or guidelines should govern the performance of the employees as they go about their assigned tasks or activities. There will be clearly defined roles, responsibilities and accountabilities.This establishes uniformity and consistency, such that the members of the organization will still be able to perform effectively even when they move to a new project right after finishing another. This also reduces the cost of having to re-train or re-educate them, or training new people.In the same vein, the organization will also be better able to manage its resources, because they will know which projects to prioritize, and which projects can be integrated.It minimizes mix-ups and disagreements brought about by miscommunication or lack of communication.Program management advocates communications that are more closely-knit than in a usual project environment. The coordinated effort of the program managers will also reduce the number of issues that are related to communication hiccups. The employees are already knowledgeable about the prevailing rules and guidelines, and so they do not have to undergo re-orientation every single time. They are already speaking pretty much the same langu age. Thus, transitions are facilitated more smoothly.It promotes cost efficiencies and allows the organization to enjoy cost savings.Financial management is another aspect where program management does not have too much of a problem with, since it is almost always inclusive of budgeting, including budget execution and implementation. In projects, budget management is not high on the priority list, because the project manager is mostly concerned with completing the project within a certain timeframe and the allotted budget. The broader view of program management does not allow this narrower perspective.All the above benefits also boil down to the organization being able to save on its spending. Say, for example, that there are five ongoing projects within an organization, but there is no program management setup in place. You are looking at five separate budgets, five separate managers, and five different sets of talents. There are also five separate systems for reporting each projec t status or progress to top management. That means that there are five sets of separate expenses. With program management, there are functions that can be consolidated into one, with all five project teams using it. The program manager can develop a setup where all five projects can make use of a single reporting facility, since the reports will all end up with the top management anyway.It facilitates the delivery of change.Program managers can plan and implement the necessary changes in a coordinated manner, and have them delivered and implemented in such a way that the current operations of the business will not be compromised or adversely affected.PROGRAM VS PROJECT MANAGEMENTOftentimes, “program management” and “project management” have been used interchangeably. However, the two are not one and the same.If we are going to speak in general terms, project management refers to the management of projects, while program management refers to managing a group, or portfolio, of projects. In short, program management has a larger scope, and a more ambitious one, too, since it pertains to handling multiple projects simultaneously.Let us break down the differences between the two.As to scope and coverage. As mentioned earlier, programs have a wider scope, encompassing a group of projects. It is safe to say that project management is under the umbrella of program management.As to duration. Program management is more on the long-term side, due to the ongoing nature of programs. Projects, on the other hand, are usually short-term and do not require long-term strategic planning.As to budget and financial management. Program management is bound by the limitations and expectations set forth in the overall budget or financial calendar of the organization. Usually, program managers have to deliver results on a quarterly, semi-annual or annual basis, as the case may be. Projects, on the other hand, due to their short nature, are not bound by the same demand. The proj ect managers are not made to deliver results on regular intervals, mostly only when the project ends. The extent of budgeting and financial planning is also more complex in program management, because it covers revenue, costs and expenditures, and even investing and financing activities. Projects are more focused on costs and expenditures.As to governance and control. Due to its larger scope, programs require more intensive overseeing from program managers and even higher levels of management. More often than not, project management only involves the control or governance of the project manager; senior management rarely takes part in monitoring the individual projects.THE PROGRAM MANAGERWe can also establish the difference between program management and project management by delving deeper into the role of the program manager.The program manager is the person who manages the portfolios, which are composed of individual, smaller projects. His approach is more holistic since, instead of focusing on the schedules, resources and scope of the project, his focus will be on the people involved in all the projects under the program. This means he will have a hand in the overall politics of the program, and in negotiations, if any.More than just dealing with requirements of the projects, the program manager will be looking at the bigger picture, meaning the business strategies and the objectives of the program and the business organization as a whole. He will not be directly involved in the day-to-day activities in the projects within the program. While the project manager’s main concern is the completion of the project on time, within the allotted budget, and with the expected deliverables or output, the program manager will be more concerned with the delivery of value and the maximization of ROI of the business.It goes without saying that being a program manager requires a different skill set from that of a project manager. He should be:A senior-level manager;Prima rily involved in the advancement towards, and achievement of, organizational goals;Able to manage multiple and related projects;Able to achieve benefits and results that would not have been possible if the projects where individually or separately handled;Able to manage horizontally, across all the functional projects within the program.Some companies have precise standards or qualifications for their program managers. They even require them to have advanced skills in budgeting and financial management, since program management also encompasses budgeting. Other intrinsic skills looked for in a program manager include excellent communication skills, contract negotiation skills and time management skills.PROGRAM MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND TECHNIQUESAside from management skills and other skills inherent in the person of the program manager, there are various tools and techniques that he can use in order to efficiently and effectively manage the programs and all the sub-projects within it.App lication of Systems Engineering. You have a program, and you were able to define the overall program goals. Now you have to identify all the activities that must be performed in order to implement the program and achieve those goals. Systems engineering often involves establishing criteria or guidelines for evaluating the project deliverables.Staffing Management Plan. It is possible that, within the organization, one person may be working across several projects. Of course, it is humanly impossible for one person to be in two places at once, working on two separate, although related, projects. That’s why there is a need for a staffing management plan. The staffing management plan comes in handy when:Identifying the human resource needed in a project. This will also help the program manager assess the need to recruit new talent where there is shortage, or reassign tasks and responsibilities where there are idle hands.Pinpointing the particular time period where the specific skill s et of an employee is required in each project. This is especially helpful when individual projects have to come up with their respective work schedules.Alignment Schedule. This program schedule is where the Program Manager keeps track of the milestones of each project such as when it presents its deliverables, when the project or a sub-project is completed, or when key activities are handed off from one project to another. This certainly makes the tracking and monitoring easier for the Program Manager.Program Network Diagram. This is basically a graph or a flow chart that shows the flow and interconnection of the work of the different projects or subprojects. It presents the sequence in which the different projects’ deliverables are completed, and even how they are dependent of one another.Work Breakdown Structure. Keep in mind that program management deals with large-scale, multiple projects. Therefore, there is a need to break them down into smaller units or components. That is what can be achieved by using a Work Breakdown Structure. This is a good way for program managers to organize all the projects’ work into smaller, manageable sections.Program Management Review. The program manager may also opt to hold regular program management reviews, where project leaders and other key players in the projects and subprojects are gathered together in one room for a meeting. Here, they deliver status reports on their respective projects’ progress so far, and risk assessment discussions are also conducted.

Desirees Baby Analysis Essay - 1415 Words

Abstract This essay will focus on the short story by Kate Chopin and its use of symbols, setting and characters. Desiree’s baby was perhaps one of the best stories I’ve ever read. Analyzing it was not easy at all. Its use of symbols was very hard to comprehend. At first, it doesn’t make sense. But as you think critically, all the symbols, and setting and the characters in this literature plunge together in one amazing story. Literary Analysis on Kate Chopins Desirees Baby â€Å"Tell me what it means!† she cried despairingly.† It means,† he answered lightly, â€Å"that the child is not white; it means that you are not white† (Chopin, p. 192). Kate Chopins Desirees Baby is a well-known short story. â€Å"In her life, Kate Chopin†¦show more content†¦In the very beginning Desiree was left on a stone pillar at the Valmonde estate; it is also here that Armand Aubigny sees her and falls instantly in love with her. The stone pillar is a symbol of firm, forced male dominance in a patriarchal society. It is how men were of superior to anybody else. Desiree grew into a beautiful and gentle-hearted young woman and soon found a wealthy suitor asking for her hand. This young suitor was Armand Aubigny. He had known of Desiree’s past but was in love and did not care. Armand Aubigny’s character in this story was racist and despicable but the young bride was in love and looked past his faulty character. Early in the story the narrator describes the scenery of the plantation, LAbri, which was owned by the Aubigny and says, young Aubignys rule was a strict one, too, and under it his Negroes had forgotten how to be gay, as they had been during the old masters easy-going and indulgent lifetime (Chopin, p. 190). This shows Aubignys egotism and indifference toward his slaves. His treatment of the slaves as possessions rather than human beings reveals that Aubigny has no consideration when dealing with blacks. The way Madame Valmonde described the LAbri as â€Å"a sad looking place, which for many years had not known the gentle presence of a mistress† (Chopin, p. 190), may have been a hint at Armand’s evil nature in the story. He was raised without a mother. His motherShow MoreRelatedDesirees Baby Literary Analysis1989 Words   |  8 Pagesstories Desirees Baby, The Story of an Hour, At the Cadian Ball, and A Pair of Silk Stockings, were w ritten in the 19th century in times when women had no rights, and had to portray an image of a loving wife. They were considered selfish if they thought otherwise, and their job was to make their husbands happy at all times. This was the century of a turning point for women, in which they had desires test their limits imposed on their sex. Critics of her stories list the analysis of assumptionsRead More Kate Chopins Desirees Baby Essays1394 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopins Desirees Baby This essay will focus on the short story by Kate Chopin and its use of symbols, setting and characters. Desiree’s baby was perhaps one of the best stories I’ve ever read. Analyzing it was not easy at all. Its use of symbols was very hard to comprehend. At first, it doesn’t make sense. But as you think criticallyRead MoreDà ©sirà ©es Baby Character Analysis1087 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Class, Gender, and Racial Value in Chopin’s Dà ©sirà ©e’s Baby Taking place in antebellum Louisiana, Kate Chopin’s Dà ©sirà ©e’s Baby places a strong focus on social class, gender, and racial value. Two characters that are limited by their acceptance of these are Dà ©sirà ©e and Armand, husband and wife with a newborn boy. Dà ©sirà ©e grew up at the Valmondà © residence where she was abandoned at a young age and Armand is a part of the elite planter class. Dà ©sirà ©e’s unknown ancestry along with being raised in aRead MoreDesirees Baby Analysis Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesKeah Graul Sister Lizzie Jones English 314 Section 7 28 October 2017 TITLE In Kate Chopin’s story, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† she tells of a story set in Louisiana in the mid-nineteenth century on a white plantation some time before the Civil War when slavery was still legal. Readers will see the unraveling of a marriage because of assumptions and hatred that will lead to heartbreak. In this story, the readers will explore the impacts of racism and racial inequality and how the racial tension of the timeRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Desirees Baby1022 Words   |  5 PagesIn Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby,† Armand Aubigny experienced the happiest marriage one could ever hope for with Desiree. They even have a romantic â€Å"love at first sight† experience. But then all of this is thrown away because of Armand. â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† has a significant impact on its readers because of the irony of Armand’s actions. Chopin describes this through his complex characterization whic h may explain why racism is able to thrive for centuries. One charming feature of Armand’sRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Desirees Baby854 Words   |  4 Pages Desiree’s Baby by Kate Chopin Kate Chopin was a strong intellectual woman, but was she a racist? From my knowledge of reading â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† I believe that she is not a racist, but the story is and it contains a big factor of prejudice, but there is so much more to the story than just prejudice. This story contains motherhood, genetic inheritance, and of course racism. A true mother doesn’t see their child’s imperfections or their short comings. Madame Valmonde takes in this little girl inRead MoreAnalysis of Desiree’s Baby by Kate Chopin1328 Words   |  6 PagesDesiree’s Baby and Southern Social Structure The short story Desiree’s Baby by Kate Chopin provides a sobering depiction of how the dark forces of prejudice and social hierarchy tore apart a plantation owning family in the state of Louisiana. Desiree’s character is that of a lady who carries the burden of being submissive to a domineering husband, a role she keeps until the very end of the narrative. Desiree is portrayed as an agent of light so to speak throughout the plotline but is seriously blindedRead MoreEssay on Formalistic Analysis of Kate Chopins Desirees Baby946 Words   |  4 PagesFormalistic Analysis of Dà ©sirà ©e’s Baby  Ã‚   The short story â€Å"Dà ©sirà ©e’s Baby† is told by a third person omniscient point of view. The narrator, whose character or relationship to the story never receives any discussion, is a seemingly all-knowing observer of the situation. Although the narrator does not take sides towards issues that arise during the course of the text, her general view does shape the overall characterization of the white Southern society. The text exhibits interesting cluesRead MoreAn Analysis Of Armand Aubigny s Desiree s Baby 1538 Words   |  7 PagesArmand Aubigny’s Pride in â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† by Kate Chopin Through history, we have always yearned independence and equality as human beings. Undoubtedly, Kate Chopin is an extraordinary example She has landed a commendable place among American writers worthy of recognition. Born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1850, Kate was raised by strong women who taught her the value of an education. Her family gave her a revolutionary vision and a feminist personality, but it was her talented and passionate skillsRead MoreThemes And Summary In Desirees Baby, By Kate Chopin1242 Words   |  5 PagesSummary: The story of â€Å"Desirees Baby† by Kate Chopin opens up with Madame Valmondà © going to visit Desiree and her infant. On her journey to L’Abri, a plantation owned by Armand Aubigny, she reminisces about Desiree’s youth. Desiree was an abandoned baby found by Monsieur Valmondà ©. Madame Valmondà © trusted Desiree was sent to her by God as she was not able to have her own children. Eight years has passed and Armand Aubigny, the son of a wealthy cruel master, suddenly falls in love with Desiree

Reasons Human Trafficking Should End - 1144 Words

â€Å"Slavery occurs when one person controls another person, using violence or the threat of violence to maintain that control, exploits them economically, pays them nothing and they cannot walk away.† In 1865, slavery was abolished here in the United States. It states in the thirteenth amendment that, â€Å"neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.† Even though it states that slavery is illegal in the thirteenth amendment, human trafficking is equivalent to modern slavery and it still exist today in the United States. Human trafficking happens when someone owes money, is kidnapped, or tricked. Then those victims are sold into slavery to be exploited. The people involved in trafficking are usually pimps or people who sell drugs. Although pimps think human trafficking betters the economy, it should be ende d because it abuses the victim, sexually exploits underage children, and brings false hope. First of all, human trafficking should be ended because it abuses the victims. When I think of human trafficking, the two words that pop in my head are pimps and prostitution. Pimps are men who use manipulation, threats, and violence to keep women from leaving. In the beginning, a pimp will look for a woman who is emotionally fragile, unprotected, and looking for love. The pimp then proceeds to act like he cares for the woman.Show MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking Is Today s Version Of Slavery873 Words   |  4 PagesWe Are People Human trafficking is today’s version of slavery. Victims are forced into labor, prostitution, and other exploitations. In 2007 three brothers conspired together to trafficked women from Mexico to New York, Queens. The brothers threatened, assaulted, and psychologically coerced the young women and minors into prostitution. These men were committed to sex trafficking that one of the brothers, Victor Leonel Estrada- Tepal, forced his wife, who was only seventeen at the time, into theirRead MoreCalling Apple, Inc. to Take Action on Human Trafficking Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesHuman trafficking is an extremely important issue that we can’t ignore, even we are in a peaceful and legal society. As a matter of fact, there are a large number of institutions, like governments, special interest group, NGOs, social work teams, devoting themselves to call for human rights equality, combat human trafficking, and rescue those people who have been enslaved. However, as business co mmunity, only a small group of firms engage in this issue, and fulfill their social responsibilities.Read MoreTamara Johnson. Mr. Migues. Honors English 3. 13 February1022 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Human Trafficking Human trafficking,the illegal practice of trading in human beings for the purpose of prostitution, forced labor, or other forms of exploitation, is a crime that affects the most vulnerable citizens of society. After drugs, it the largest criminal activity globally! The victims must be the primary concern for all law enforcement units. Human trafficking in the world can be diminished and possibly erased through teachings, government intervention, and awareness. Human traffickingRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Form Of Modern Slavery1601 Words   |  7 PagesHuman trafficking, or the offering and purchasing of individual, is a well-shrouded yet noticeable issue inside of today s general public. It is both a corrupt and awful theme that needs conveyed to consideration and managed. At the point when people are controlled into work, sexual bondage, or monetary hardship, human trafficking is happening. 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Although human trafficking is thought of being a problem only in other countries, it is also a growing problem in the United States, and should be stopped for multiple reasons. Many Americans do not have to deal with human trafficking as a part of their daily lives and only assume that it happens in foreign countries or in movies. In reality thisRead MoreWays to Stop Human Trafficking1245 Words   |  5 PagesSolutions to End Human Trafficking In recent times, the number of human trafficking cases has skyrocketed through the roof. So, what exactly is human trafficking? Human trafficking is defined as a criminal activity, in which people are recruited, harboured, transported, bought or kidnapped for the purposes of exploitation. These exploitations include forced labour, child soldiery, sexual slavery, forced marriages and so on. Statistics show that the main victims of human trafficking consist of womenRead MorePlan of Action for Human Trafficking and Sexual Violence1522 Words   |  7 PagesPlan of Action to Combat Human Trafficking Abstract Human trafficking is a crime that without the proper direction will cost the human being the right to have freedom. Every person has the right to choose and not fall into being victimized by someone who is in the pursuit of indentured servitude. This billion-dollar industry is aiding the criminal acts such as drug trafficking and production, sexual assault, sexual rape (male or female), and most of all abuse and neglect of all the victimsRead MoreSexual Human Trafficking and Forced Labor in Russia848 Words   |  3 PagesHuman Trafficking is the trade of humans for a variety of reasons, the most common of which is forced labor and sexual exploitation. Sexual Human Trafficking is a form of abuse entailing the sexual abuse of a person whereby a person is forced to conduct sexual acts for financial advantage. Unfortunately, it is a continuing issue today in many locations, especially Russia. Between thirty and sixty thousand woman are trafficked under false pretenses each year. Human t rafficking in Russia is very muchRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Serious Crime And An Unrefined Violation Of Human Rights1578 Words   |  7 PagesTrafficking in human beings is a serious crime and an unrefined violation of human rights. It is often linked to organized crime and is one of the most profitable criminal activities worldwide (Access to European Union Law, 2014). There are many different forms of human trafficking, and they progress with changing socioeconomic circumstances. It targets women and men, girls and boys in vulnerable positions (Trafficking in Human Beings, 2013). The International Labor Organization in June of 2012 covering

Tradition Innovation (History of Architecture) Free Essays

string(46) " see programs in Stierlin 2001, 105, 106 \) \." Tradition A ; Innovation ( history of architecture ) Much great architecture of the yesteryear has proceeded by polishing rigorous conventions without truly oppugning them. A much smaller organic structure of work has moved frontward through extremist invention. Use illustrations to demo ( among other things ) that what appears to be radicalism or preservation is non ever what it seems. We will write a custom essay sample on Tradition Innovation (History of Architecture) or any similar topic only for you Order Now You could follow a sequence in one topographic point ( such as Brunelleshi ‘s Florence or Pericles ‘ Athens ) or run more widely pulling trial instances from assorted times and topographic points. The Athenian Parthenon has captured the imaginativeness for about two and half thousand old ages. Writers frequently speak of it as the finest architectural accomplishment of the Greeks, incarnating the classical values of harmoniousness and restraint, composure, pose and repose, proportion and economic system ( eg Sowerby 1995, 168 ) . However, the Parthenon is simply one of legion edifices completed as portion of the alleged Periclean edifice programme of the 2nd half of the 5th century BC, which can be examined for the manner their designers made usage of tradition and invention. Other edifices, such as the hypostyle Periclean Odeion that owes much to non-Greek Iranian traditions, likely due to their province of saving and less appealing scene, have tended to be sidelined in treatments of this nature, but are of import however. This essay will first discuss invention and tradition in the development the Grecian temple from its beginnings to the mid-fifth century BC and so research invention and tradition in the Periclean edifice programme itself, associating these to the wider context of Grecian temple architecture. For the Greeks, architecture was a term reserved for public and sacred edifices as opposed to private and domestic buildings ( Whitley 2001, 279 ) . Of these public and sacred edifices, the temple is possibly the most well-known and characteristic signifier, which besides incorporated into their programme sculpture, painting and composing ( Richter 1987, 19 ) . Temples possibly developed from the Mycenaean megaron, a rectangular edifice with a columned porch that formed the cardinal edifice of Late Bronze Age castles ( see program in Stierlin 2001, 34 ) but their beginning in early apsidal edifices, such as that of Lefkandi seems more assured ( see program in Johnston 1993, 25 ) . The architectural significance of these edifices is that they make usage of the colonnade, making an outer portico around the cella ( the inside edifice ) and can therefore be described as peristyle or peripteral ( of a temple ) . Presumably this development occurred from the practical concern of roofing th ese big edifices, which besides used an axial colonnade for support, but was retained, going possibly the specifying feature of Grecian temples, surely still seeable in those of much later periods including the Periclean Parthenon. The reversible roof besides led to the creative activity of a pediment, the triangular infinite or gable formed by the roof above the entryway that would be used to border architectural sculpture. An early illustration of such a adorned pediment from the early 6th century BC is from the temple of Artemis on Corfu ( Johnston 1993, 47-48 ) . It is interesting that, for whatever ground, the apsis was non retained in ulterior edifices and alternatively an opisthodomos ( an unfastened room at the dorsum of the temple, sometimes used as a exchequer ) was sometimes present ( for a temple groundplan see Richter 1987, 22 ) . These alterations in layout are shown by the sequence of temples at Thermon between the 9th and late 7th centuries BC ( see program in Stierl in 2001, 42 ) . Thus the development of the temple signifier was one in which tradition and invention can be seen from the beginning. The earlier edifices were non the great marble buildings of ulterior times but were constructed of wood with thatched roofs ( Stierlin 2001, 44 ) . Over clip rock and tile came to replace wood ; sometimes instead than strike harding down a temple and get downing from abrasion, wooden columns would be replaced in situ by rock columns in a procedure known as petrifaction ( Stierlin 2001, 46 ) . The ancient Greek tourer and author Pausanias ( 5.16.1 ) vividly described an ancient oak pillar still in topographic point in the rock temple of Hera at Olympia. Columns of assorted diameters made up of different Numberss of column membranophones can still be seen at this temple, attesting to the ad hoc nature of the temple’s transmutation. Replacing wood with rock besides led to the petrifying in rock of some of the noteworthy architectural characteristics of the wooden temples – fluted columns, triglyphs, dentils, gutae, roof building and coffering for illustration ( see Boardma n 1993, 122 and Richter 1987, 25 for illustrations ; Stierlin 2001, 48 ) . This heterotaxy into rock conserved the signifier of temples that had developed in wood but the act of petrifaction is itself advanced. It might be speculated that rock immortalised the temple and made it a adjustment and lasting place for the God. Before continuing to discourse tradition and invention in the Periclean edifice programme, a few words should be said about the development of the two chief Grecian orders, the Doric and Ionic ( see comparative illustrations in Stierlin 2001, 49-50 ) as these are cardinal to understanding the development of the Acropolis. The Doric order developed in the Grecian mainland and Greek southern Italy and Sicily and is typified by broader columns without bases, tapering towards the top, heavier entablature with jumping triglyphs and metopes, the latter sometimes with carven ornament ( Stierlin 2001, 52 ) . A hexastyle ( sic column ) facade was usual. The Ionic order developed subsequently ( c590BC ) in Grecian Asia Minor. Columns were more slender, had moulded bases and were non markedly tapered. The capital had two spiral-scroll spirals and the lighter entablature was non broken into triglyphs/metope form, leting uninterrupted ornament. From the groundplans, Ionic temples, such as that of Heraion at Samos and Artemision of Ephesus besides appear more hypostyle than peristyle, holding two ( dipteral ) rows of columns instead than the Doric one and frequently with an octostyle ( eight column ) frontage ( see programs in Stierlin 2001, 105, 106 ) . You read "Tradition Innovation (History of Architecture)" in category "Essay examples" The two orders have been contrasted as masculine, knee bend, unsmooth and feminine, elegant and refined severally ( Stierlin 2001, 49 ) and at the clip of the Periclean edifice programme were ‘still basically distinguishable regional styles’ ( Rhodes 1995, 54 ) . The Periclean temple to Athena Parthenos, or Parthenon, was built between 447 and 438BC by the designers Iktinos and Kallikrates and the sculpturer Phidias, and formed the centerpiece of the edifice programme of the political leader Pericles ( Stierlin 2001, 183 ) . This programme sought to laud Athens and in the instance of the Acropolis, to retrace the temples burned by the Persians in the early 5th century BC. It has been said to tag ‘the flood tide of the Doric style’ for the harmoniousness of its proportions, the polishs in its construction and its sculptural ornaments ( Richter 1987, 33 ) . However, in comparing to the somewhat earlier temple of Zeus at Olympia ( finished about 460BC ) , we can see that while the latter is about strictly Doric in manner, ‘the Parthenon’s signifier and spirit partakes liberally of the Ionic’ ( Rhodes 1995, 74 ) . This combination of Doric and Ionic can clearly be seen on a groundplan ( eg Stierlin 2001, 191 ) , w hich reveal an octostyle peripteral Doric portico ( 8 by 17 columns ) , instead than a Doric hexastyle, while six more slender Doric columns behind the octostyle frontages suggest a dipteral colonnade, an Ionic characteristic. The cella was divided into two suites, a smaller western room, the Hall of the Virgins and the eastern naos that housed the statue of the Athena, both approached from the exterior and non connected. The Hall of the Virgins contained four Ionic columns while the naos was divided into three naves by a overlying Doric colonnade following the walls and returning behind the statue, a first in temple architecture ( Rhodes 1995, 87 ) . Of class the usage of an Ionic frieze around the cella should non be overlooked. The Parthenon seems advanced in its deliberate commixture of Doric and Ionic elements ( Rhodes 1995, 146 ) . However, some of these elements that may look advanced can be found elsewhere and on much earlier temples. For illustration, the 6th century Doric peripteral temple of Artemis on Corfu had an octostyle facade and the same proportion of columns ( 8 by 17 ) as the mid-fifth century Parthenon, every bit good as two rows of columns in the cella ( Lawrence1996, 77 ) . The temple of Athena at Paestum in southern Italy is a Doric hexastyle temple of around 510BC but the interior portico utilizations eight Ionic columns in an Ionic agreement ( Stierlin 2001, 74 ; see program in Richter 1987, 30 ) . It was besides noted that the Parthenon made usage of overlying porticoes in the naos ( see Reconstruction in Boardman 1993, 118 ) . These were besides used in the modern-day 2nd temple of Hera at Paestum ( 460-440BC ) and Stierlin suggested that in the instance of the latter they may hold been used as a deliberate archaizing component, mentioning to the temple of Aphaia on Aegina, built around 500BC ( Stierlin 2001, 79 ; comparison exposures in Stierlin 2001, 78 and 148 ) . In a needfully ( to suit the expansive statue of Athena ) broad temple like the Parthenon, 30.88m at the stylobate, they may hold been more practical every bit good as attractive. It can so be seen that while the Parthenon may be advanced in the context of mainland Greek temples, there are analogues in the Grecian temples of southern Italy and Sicily that provide case in points for blending Doric and Ionic characteristics ( Rhodes 1995, 198n12 ) every bit good as characteristics from Archaic temples on Corfu and Aegina. The frequently discussed architectural polish of the curvature or splaying of the Parthenon was besides a traditional Doric solutions to drainage, although in the Parthenon it succeeds in forestalling the temple from looking knee bend ( Rhodes 1995, 74 ) . The chief factor in the l ayout of the Parthenon was in fact the older temple that it replaced, instead than any genuinely fresh programs. The designers of the Parthenon did non work in isolation but in a cultural and lingual zone stretching from Italy to Cyprus, with mainland Greece in the center and while the Parthenon is every bit alone as every Grecian temple it may be said to hold incorporated traditional inventions in a traditional manner. Traveling on to see briefly two other Periclean edifices on the Acropolis, the Erechtheion and the Propylaia, the Erechtheion, ceremonially the most of import edifice of the Acropolis, is a existent invention in the sense that instead than being a canonical temple, it is fitted to the mythic and physical landscape of the Acropolis. As such, it was constructed on two degrees, though with three different roof degrees, and incorporated the cults of Athena in the east cella, and Poseidon-Erechtheus in the West cella and north porch ( Rhodes 1995, 131-36 ) . The Erechtheion is Ionic in its columns and friezes and provides a complement to the Parthenon with its human-shaped Karyatid columns following a hundred twelvemonth old Ionic tradition begun by the Siphnian Treasury at Delphi ( Stierlin 2001, 208 ) . The Propylaia, or gateway to the Acropolis foreshadowed this balance once more by integrating both traditional Doric hexastyle outside combined with an internal Ionic colonnade. Rhodes s ays of its designer: ‘Mnesikles’ greatest part to the history and way of Grecian architecture was likely his vision of Doric and Ionic as equal constituents of a greater Grecian architecture’ ( 1995, 73 ) . It is possible that in a sense the Parthenon is more important to its modern adorants than its builders and that there is a desire to warrant this by mention to invention. Grecian temples were built non on subjective rules of aesthetic beauty but on mathematical and spiritual rules of harmoniousness and temples that reflected a peculiar harmoniousness were successful ( Stierlin 2001, 64-74 ) . The Periclean edifice programme did non radically innovate from a inactive or dead tradition: the edifices examined above surely did unite many elements to accomplish their alone purposes but so no two Grecian temples were of all time the same. Throughout their 1000 plus twelvemonth history, Grecian temple edifices and their builders combined traditional elements with limited inventions that by and large belonged to the temple edifice tradition guided by the rules of harmoniousness –a temple should be temple, after all. Bibliography Boardman, J. 1993. ‘The Classical Period’ , in Boardman, J. ( ed. ) 1993.The Oxford History of Classical Art.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 83-150. Johnston, A. 1993. ‘Pre-Classical Greece’ , in Boardman, J. ( ed. ) 1993.The Oxford History of Classical Art.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 11-82. Lawrence, A.W. and Tomlinson, R.A. 1996.Grecian Architecture.( 5Thursdayedition, Pelican History of Art ) . New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Rhodes, R.F. 1995.Architecture and Meaning on the Acropolis.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Richter, G.M.A. 1987.A Handbook of Greek Art.( 9Thursdayedition ) . Oxford: Phaidon. Sowerby, R. 1995.The Greeks.London: Routledge. Stierlin, H. 2001.Greece from Mycenae to the Parthenon.Koln: Taschen. Whitley, J. 2001.The Archaeology of Ancient Greece.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. How to cite Tradition Innovation (History of Architecture), Essay examples Tradition Innovation (history of architecture) Free Essays string(46) " see programs in Stierlin 2001, 105, 106 \) \." Tradition A ; Innovation ( history of architecture ) Much great architecture of the yesteryear has proceeded by polishing rigorous conventions without truly oppugning them. A much smaller organic structure of work has moved frontward through extremist invention. Use illustrations to demo ( among other things ) that what appears to be radicalism or preservation is non ever what it seems. We will write a custom essay sample on Tradition Innovation (history of architecture) or any similar topic only for you Order Now You could follow a sequence in one topographic point ( such as Brunelleshi ‘s Florence or Pericles ‘ Athens ) or run more widely pulling trial instances from assorted times and topographic points. The Athenian Parthenon has captured the imaginativeness for about two and half thousand old ages. Writers frequently speak of it as the finest architectural accomplishment of the Greeks, incarnating the classical values of harmoniousness and restraint, composure, pose and repose, proportion and economic system ( eg Sowerby 1995, 168 ) . However, the Parthenon is simply one of legion edifices completed as portion of the alleged Periclean edifice programme of the 2nd half of the 5th century BC, which can be examined for the manner their designers made usage of tradition and invention. Other edifices, such as the hypostyle Periclean Odeion that owes much to non-Greek Iranian traditions, likely due to their province of saving and less appealing scene, have tended to be sidelined in treatments of this nature, but are of import however. This essay will first discuss invention and tradition in the development the Grecian temple from its beginnings to the mid-fifth century BC and so research invention and tradition in the Periclean edifice programme itself, associating these to the wider context of Grecian temple architecture. For the Greeks, architecture was a term reserved for public and sacred edifices as opposed to private and domestic buildings ( Whitley 2001, 279 ) . Of these public and sacred edifices, the temple is possibly the most well-known and characteristic signifier, which besides incorporated into their programme sculpture, painting and composing ( Richter 1987, 19 ) . Temples possibly developed from the Mycenaean megaron, a rectangular edifice with a columned porch that formed the cardinal edifice of Late Bronze Age castles ( see program in Stierlin 2001, 34 ) but their beginning in early apsidal edifices, such as that of Lefkandi seems more assured ( see program in Johnston 1993, 25 ) . The architectural significance of these edifices is that they make usage of the colonnade, making an outer portico around the cella ( the inside edifice ) and can therefore be described as peristyle or peripteral ( of a temple ) . Presumably this development occurred from the practical concern of roofing th ese big edifices, which besides used an axial colonnade for support, but was retained, going possibly the specifying feature of Grecian temples, surely still seeable in those of much later periods including the Periclean Parthenon. The reversible roof besides led to the creative activity of a pediment, the triangular infinite or gable formed by the roof above the entryway that would be used to border architectural sculpture. An early illustration of such a adorned pediment from the early 6th century BC is from the temple of Artemis on Corfu ( Johnston 1993, 47-48 ) . It is interesting that, for whatever ground, the apsis was non retained in ulterior edifices and alternatively an opisthodomos ( an unfastened room at the dorsum of the temple, sometimes used as a exchequer ) was sometimes present ( for a temple groundplan see Richter 1987, 22 ) . These alterations in layout are shown by the sequence of temples at Thermon between the 9th and late 7th centuries BC ( see program in Stierl in 2001, 42 ) . Thus the development of the temple signifier was one in which tradition and invention can be seen from the beginning. The earlier edifices were non the great marble buildings of ulterior times but were constructed of wood with thatched roofs ( Stierlin 2001, 44 ) . Over clip rock and tile came to replace wood ; sometimes instead than strike harding down a temple and get downing from abrasion, wooden columns would be replaced in situ by rock columns in a procedure known as petrifaction ( Stierlin 2001, 46 ) . The ancient Greek tourer and author Pausanias ( 5.16.1 ) vividly described an ancient oak pillar still in topographic point in the rock temple of Hera at Olympia. Columns of assorted diameters made up of different Numberss of column membranophones can still be seen at this temple, attesting to the ad hoc nature of the temple’s transmutation. Replacing wood with rock besides led to the petrifying in rock of some of the noteworthy architectural characteristics of the wooden temples – fluted columns, triglyphs, dentils, gutae, roof building and coffering for illustration ( see Boardma n 1993, 122 and Richter 1987, 25 for illustrations ; Stierlin 2001, 48 ) . This heterotaxy into rock conserved the signifier of temples that had developed in wood but the act of petrifaction is itself advanced. It might be speculated that rock immortalised the temple and made it a adjustment and lasting place for the God. Before continuing to discourse tradition and invention in the Periclean edifice programme, a few words should be said about the development of the two chief Grecian orders, the Doric and Ionic ( see comparative illustrations in Stierlin 2001, 49-50 ) as these are cardinal to understanding the development of the Acropolis. The Doric order developed in the Grecian mainland and Greek southern Italy and Sicily and is typified by broader columns without bases, tapering towards the top, heavier entablature with jumping triglyphs and metopes, the latter sometimes with carven ornament ( Stierlin 2001, 52 ) . A hexastyle ( sic column ) facade was usual. The Ionic order developed subsequently ( c590BC ) in Grecian Asia Minor. Columns were more slender, had moulded bases and were non markedly tapered. The capital had two spiral-scroll spirals and the lighter entablature was non broken into triglyphs/metope form, leting uninterrupted ornament. From the groundplans, Ionic temples, such as that of Heraion at Samos and Artemision of Ephesus besides appear more hypostyle than peristyle, holding two ( dipteral ) rows of columns instead than the Doric one and frequently with an octostyle ( eight column ) frontage ( see programs in Stierlin 2001, 105, 106 ) . You read "Tradition Innovation (history of architecture)" in category "Essay examples" The two orders have been contrasted as masculine, knee bend, unsmooth and feminine, elegant and refined severally ( Stierlin 2001, 49 ) and at the clip of the Periclean edifice programme were ‘still basically distinguishable regional styles’ ( Rhodes 1995, 54 ) . The Periclean temple to Athena Parthenos, or Parthenon, was built between 447 and 438BC by the designers Iktinos and Kallikrates and the sculpturer Phidias, and formed the centerpiece of the edifice programme of the political leader Pericles ( Stierlin 2001, 183 ) . This programme sought to laud Athens and in the instance of the Acropolis, to retrace the temples burned by the Persians in the early 5th century BC. It has been said to tag ‘the flood tide of the Doric style’ for the harmoniousness of its proportions, the polishs in its construction and its sculptural ornaments ( Richter 1987, 33 ) . However, in comparing to the somewhat earlier temple of Zeus at Olympia ( finished about 460BC ) , we can see that while the latter is about strictly Doric in manner, ‘the Parthenon’s signifier and spirit partakes liberally of the Ionic’ ( Rhodes 1995, 74 ) . This combination of Doric and Ionic can clearly be seen on a groundplan ( eg Stierlin 2001, 191 ) , w hich reveal an octostyle peripteral Doric portico ( 8 by 17 columns ) , instead than a Doric hexastyle, while six more slender Doric columns behind the octostyle frontages suggest a dipteral colonnade, an Ionic characteristic. The cella was divided into two suites, a smaller western room, the Hall of the Virgins and the eastern naos that housed the statue of the Athena, both approached from the exterior and non connected. The Hall of the Virgins contained four Ionic columns while the naos was divided into three naves by a overlying Doric colonnade following the walls and returning behind the statue, a first in temple architecture ( Rhodes 1995, 87 ) . Of class the usage of an Ionic frieze around the cella should non be overlooked. The Parthenon seems advanced in its deliberate commixture of Doric and Ionic elements ( Rhodes 1995, 146 ) . However, some of these elements that may look advanced can be found elsewhere and on much earlier temples. For illustration, the 6th century Doric peripteral temple of Artemis on Corfu had an octostyle facade and the same proportion of columns ( 8 by 17 ) as the mid-fifth century Parthenon, every bit good as two rows of columns in the cella ( Lawrence1996, 77 ) . The temple of Athena at Paestum in southern Italy is a Doric hexastyle temple of around 510BC but the interior portico utilizations eight Ionic columns in an Ionic agreement ( Stierlin 2001, 74 ; see program in Richter 1987, 30 ) . It was besides noted that the Parthenon made usage of overlying porticoes in the naos ( see Reconstruction in Boardman 1993, 118 ) . These were besides used in the modern-day 2nd temple of Hera at Paestum ( 460-440BC ) and Stierlin suggested that in the instance of the latter they may hold been used as a deliberate archaizing component, mentioning to the temple of Aphaia on Aegina, built around 500BC ( Stierlin 2001, 79 ; comparison exposures in Stierlin 2001, 78 and 148 ) . In a needfully ( to suit the expansive statue of Athena ) broad temple like the Parthenon, 30.88m at the stylobate, they may hold been more practical every bit good as attractive. It can so be seen that while the Parthenon may be advanced in the context of mainland Greek temples, there are analogues in the Grecian temples of southern Italy and Sicily that provide case in points for blending Doric and Ionic characteristics ( Rhodes 1995, 198n12 ) every bit good as characteristics from Archaic temples on Corfu and Aegina. The frequently discussed architectural polish of the curvature or splaying of the Parthenon was besides a traditional Doric solutions to drainage, although in the Parthenon it succeeds in forestalling the temple from looking knee bend ( Rhodes 1995, 74 ) . The chief factor in the l ayout of the Parthenon was in fact the older temple that it replaced, instead than any genuinely fresh programs. The designers of the Parthenon did non work in isolation but in a cultural and lingual zone stretching from Italy to Cyprus, with mainland Greece in the center and while the Parthenon is every bit alone as every Grecian temple it may be said to hold incorporated traditional inventions in a traditional manner. Traveling on to see briefly two other Periclean edifices on the Acropolis, the Erechtheion and the Propylaia, the Erechtheion, ceremonially the most of import edifice of the Acropolis, is a existent invention in the sense that instead than being a canonical temple, it is fitted to the mythic and physical landscape of the Acropolis. As such, it was constructed on two degrees, though with three different roof degrees, and incorporated the cults of Athena in the east cella, and Poseidon-Erechtheus in the West cella and north porch ( Rhodes 1995, 131-36 ) . The Erechtheion is Ionic in its columns and friezes and provides a complement to the Parthenon with its human-shaped Karyatid columns following a hundred twelvemonth old Ionic tradition begun by the Siphnian Treasury at Delphi ( Stierlin 2001, 208 ) . The Propylaia, or gateway to the Acropolis foreshadowed this balance once more by integrating both traditional Doric hexastyle outside combined with an internal Ionic colonnade. Rhodes s ays of its designer: ‘Mnesikles’ greatest part to the history and way of Grecian architecture was likely his vision of Doric and Ionic as equal constituents of a greater Grecian architecture’ ( 1995, 73 ) . It is possible that in a sense the Parthenon is more important to its modern adorants than its builders and that there is a desire to warrant this by mention to invention. Grecian temples were built non on subjective rules of aesthetic beauty but on mathematical and spiritual rules of harmoniousness and temples that reflected a peculiar harmoniousness were successful ( Stierlin 2001, 64-74 ) . The Periclean edifice programme did non radically innovate from a inactive or dead tradition: the edifices examined above surely did unite many elements to accomplish their alone purposes but so no two Grecian temples were of all time the same. Throughout their 1000 plus twelvemonth history, Grecian temple edifices and their builders combined traditional elements with limited inventions that by and large belonged to the temple edifice tradition guided by the rules of harmoniousness –a temple should be temple, after all. Bibliography Boardman, J. 1993. ‘The Classical Period’ , in Boardman, J. ( ed. ) 1993.The Oxford History of Classical Art.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 83-150. Johnston, A. 1993. ‘Pre-Classical Greece’ , in Boardman, J. ( ed. ) 1993.The Oxford History of Classical Art.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 11-82. Lawrence, A.W. and Tomlinson, R.A. 1996.Grecian Architecture.( 5Thursdayedition, Pelican History of Art ) . New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Rhodes, R.F. 1995.Architecture and Meaning on the Acropolis.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Richter, G.M.A. 1987.A Handbook of Greek Art.( 9Thursdayedition ) . Oxford: Phaidon. Sowerby, R. 1995.The Greeks.London: Routledge. Stierlin, H. 2001.Greece from Mycenae to the Parthenon.Koln: Taschen. Whitley, J. 2001.The Archaeology of Ancient Greece.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. How to cite Tradition Innovation (history of architecture), Essay examples

Makeovers R Us Risk Management Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Makeovers R Us Risk Management. Answer: Risk Management Planning Outline The risk management process will comprise of five major steps which are listed and described below. Risk Identification: The risks will be identified by determining the project factors involved and on the basis of the information collected through processes, such as interviews, brainstorming, observation, and documentation. The risks are will be listed on the basis of their risk category and type. Risk Analysis: The risk analysis step will be carried out on the basis of the identified risks. The risks will be listed and the likelihood, impact, and score will be assigned to every risk in the list. Risk Evaluation Prioritization: The risks will be evaluated on the basis of the risk score and will also be classified as acceptable and non-acceptable. The priority will be assigned to every risk. Risk Treatment Response: The risks that will be classified as non-acceptable will be assigned with a treatment and response strategy and the same will be applied to treat the risk. Risk Monitoring Control: The application of the treatment strategy will be monitored using the automated tools and review processes. The application of managerial control will also be involved in this step. Brief Description The project is being carried out by Makeovers R Us, an organization that has expertise in managing renovations of houses and gardens. The project client is Cecile, an accountant who wishes to get her kitchen renovated. The kitchen has to be renovated completely and there are specifications that have been listed out by Cecile. The decision on the selection of the contractor of the project by Cecile is based on the project schedule as five weeks, best storage solution, and reasonable temporary kitchen space. Tools, Techniques, and Processes The risk management process will have five phases involved as risk identification, risk analysis, risk evaluation and prioritization, risk treatment response, and risk monitoring control. The tools and techniques that will be involved in the process will include information investigation techniques as interviews, brainstorming, observation, and documentation. Root Cause Analysis is a technique that will be applied on the risks identified to find out further risks along with the checklist analysis. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis will be applied to under the project factors and to determine the risks. Data analytics tools will be used in the risk analysis process. Probability and impact analysis will be carried out to understand the risks that may require an immediate response. Positive Risks The primary criteria for Cecile are to ensure that the renovation of her kitchen is done in the specified project schedule and allocated budget. These two constraints may be used as an opportunity to fulfil the project objectives and turn the risks in the positive areas by accomplishing the project activities before the estimated schedule and under the estimated budget. There will be specific duration assigned to each of the project activities and the application of the efforts in the accurate direction will ensure that the project activities are completed within or before the schedule estimated. The same approach may be used in terms of the budget along with the negotiations with the suppliers and vendors. Consequence Likelihood Risk Consequence Rating Description of Possible Consequences Schedule Risks (Positive) High Positive feedback by Cecile and enhancement of organizational reputation Budget Risks (Positive) High Positive feedback by Cecile and enhancement of organizational reputation Technical Risks Moderate Disruption in the execution of project activities causing delays Environmental Risks Critical Inability to carry out renovation tasks due to poor weather conditions or other environmental changes Operational Risks Moderate Execution of the operational task that may not be rolled back Risk Likelihood Rating Description of Possible Likelihood Schedule Risks (Positive) Low Application of the effort in correct direction with resources outperforming their usual efficiency and productivity levels Budget Risks (Positive) Low Drop in the prices of tools and equipment, completion of project activities before estimated schedule, negotiations with the suppliers Technical Risks Moderate Breakdown or fault in the technical tool or equipment Environmental Risks Moderate Natural hazards, breakdown of electrical/power supply Operational Risks High Operational error by a resource Quantitative Risk Analysis Technique Decision tree analysis will be used to understand the possible risks, the alternative and the conditions that may impact the likelihood and consequences of the risks. A tree-like structure will be represented comprising of all the risks and the specific alternatives involved. Expected Monetary Value (EMV) analysis will be used as a risk analysis technique to calculate the outcomes of the risk situations identified. The monetary impact of the risk situations will be assessed through this technique. Risk Response Template The following template shall be used to provide risk response. Risk Register Risk Consequence Rating Critical 5 High 4 Moderate 3 Low 2 Insignificant - 1 Likelihood Rating Critical 5 High 4 Moderate 3 Low 2 Insignificant - 1 Risk Score (Consequences x Rating) Risk Response Strategy Schedule Risks (Positive) High Low 8 Risk Acceptance Budget Risks (Positive) High Low 8 Risk Acceptance Technical Risks Moderate Moderate 9 Risk Transfer Environmental Risks Critical Moderate 15 Risk Mitigation Operational Risks Moderate High 12 Risk Avoidance Risk Monitoring Control The risk register, results of gap analysis, and the list of approved change requests will be required for the purpose of risk monitoring and control. There will be techniques required for risk monitoring and control. The risk reassessment shall be done to understand the changes that may have happened in rating during the project lifecycle. Risk audits shall also be done to understand the effectiveness of the review process. Variance analysis must be done to find out the schedule and budget variance. The process shall also involve status meetings and reporting activities so that the risk status and the pending effort to be applied may be monitored and evaluated. Outline of the Report Element Identify Project Risks If specific volume or frequency is not stated , the evidence must be provided at least once Context Date of Observation/ Comments Satisfactory (Please Tick) Determine the risk objectives and standards for the project Risk Identification Step 28-02-2018 P Establish risk context and identify project risks Risk Identification Step 28-02-2018 P Classify project risks according to risk categories Risk Identification Step 28-02-2018 P Element Analyse Project Risks If specific volume or frequency is not stated , the evidence must be provided at least once Context Date of Observation/ Comments Satisfactory (Please Tick) Determine risk analysis classification criteria and apply to a risk ranking system for a project Risk Analysis Step 07-03-2018 P Follow risk analysis processes to analyse and qualify risks , threats, and opportunities that apply to a project Risk Analysis Step 07-03-2018 P Determine risk priorities and document the outcomes of risk analysis in a risk register Risk Analysis Step 07-03-2018 P Contribute to the development of a risk management plan Risk Analysis Step 07-03-2018 P Element Establish risk treatment and controls If specific volume or frequency is not stated , the evidence must be provided at least once Context Date of Observation/ Comments Satisfactory (Please Tick) Identify and document existing controls used for project risk management Risk Treatment Control Step 14-03-2018 P Consider and determine risk treatment options using agreed consultative methods and record outcome Risk Treatment Control Step 14-03-2018 P Update risk plans, allocating responsibility to appropriate team members Risk Treatment Control Step 14-03-2018 P Element Monitor and control project risks If specific volume or frequency is not stated , the evidence must be provided at least once Context Date of Observation/ Comments Satisfactory (Please Tick) Develop a process to review risk processes on a regular basis Risk Monitor Control Step 14-03-2018 P Develop strategies to monitor risk environment to identify changes circumstances impacting project risks Risk Monitor Control Step 14-03-2018 P Determine risk response to an identified change to circumstances Risk Monitor Control Step 14-03-2018 P Implement a risk response plan and modify plans to maintain currency of risk treatments and controls Risk Monitor Control Step 14-03-2018 P Element Assess risk management outcomes If specific volume or frequency is not stated , the evidence must be provided at least once Context Date of Observation/ Comments Satisfactory (Please Tick) Review project outcomes to determine effectiveness of risk management processes and procedures Assessment of Risk Management Outcomes 21-03-2018 P Identify and document risk management issues and recommended improvements for application to future projects Assessment of Risk Management Outcomes 21-03-2018 P Evaluation Criteria The risk management plan and its associated processes, policies, procedures, tools, techniques, and activities developed for Makeover R Us project are required to be evaluated. The evaluation process is carried in the monitoring and control phase of the project to come up with the positive and negative aspects along with the areas of improvement. The following evaluation criteria are used to understand the risk management plan and its associated mechanisms. Effectiveness: The risks associated with the project along with their status and completion will be assessed. Achieving project goals and objectives: The ability of the project to achieve its goals and objectives will be determined on the basis of the risks generated in the project and the treatment strategy. Impact: The impact of the risk management process and procedure on the project will be evaluated. Cost Variance: The actual and estimated values of the project costs will be analysed. The increased gaps will indicate the failure of the risk management plan and process and vice versa. Schedule Variance: The actual and estimated values of the project schedule will be analysed. The increased gaps will indicate the failure of the risk management plan and process and vice versa. Evaluation of Risk Management Processes The risk management process that has been used in the project has been illustrated below. The risks identified in the project are schedule risks, budget risks, technical risks, environmental risks, and operational risks. The risks management process has been evaluated as per the criteria above. Risk Name Effectiveness Project Goals Objectives Impact Cost Variance Schedule Variance Schedule Risks The risk has been treated using the risk avoidance and acceptance strategy by regular reviews and inspections. The negative impacts could be controlled as a result. The positive impacts were incorporated. The risk status is now closed. The risk did not have any negative effect on the project goals and objectives. The impacts were positive as the project activities could be completed before the estimated schedule. Less than 10% - within the tolerable limits Less than 10% - within the tolerable limits Budget Risks The risk has been treated using the risk avoidance and acceptance strategy by regular reviews and inspections. The negative impacts could be controlled as a result. The positive impacts were incorporated. The risk status is now closed. The risk did not have any negative effect on the project goals and objectives. The impacts were positive as the project activities could be completed within the estimated budget. Less than 10% - within the tolerable limits Less than 10% - within the tolerable limits Technical Risks The risk has been treated using risk transfer as the response strategy. The risk status is now closed. The risk did not have any negative effect on the project goals and objectives. The negative impacts were controlled due to implementation of risk management processes. Less than 10% - within the tolerable limits Less than 10% - within the tolerable limits Environmental Risks The risk has been treated using risk mitigation as the response strategy. The risk status is now closed. The risk did not have any negative effect on the project goals and objectives. The negative impacts were controlled due to implementation of risk management processes. Less than 10% - within the tolerable limits Less than 10% - within the tolerable limits Operational Risks The risk has been treated using risk avoidance as the response strategy. The risk status is now closed. The risk did not have any negative effect on the project goals and objectives. The negative impacts were controlled due to implementation of risk management processes. Less than 10% - within the tolerable limits Less than 10% - within the tolerable limits Evaluation of Policies Procedures The objectives of the risk management plan and mechanisms were to make sure that the project goals and objectives could be achieved as per the estimated budget and schedule. The risk management policies and procedures could be achieved as none of the risks are in the open state and there are no negative impacts of any of the risks identified. There were changes that had to be implemented to avoid, mitigate, and control the risks. The cost and schedule variance calculated in each case is less than 10%. As a result, the risk management policies and procedures are found to be effective, impactful, and adequate. Evaluation of Tools Techniques There were various techniques that were used in the process of data gathering and collection for identification and assessment of the risks. These techniques included surveys, interviews, observations, domain analysis, and brainstorming sessions. These techniques allowed the members of the project team members to have the data and information sets to prepare the list of the risks and to treat the same. Theproject management methodology asProject Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK) was applied in the project and risk management knowledge areas was used to treat the risks. The analysis techniques, such as SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), Pareto chart, and Cause Effect diagrams were used to assess and evaluate the risks. Areas of Improvements The evaluation process also highlighted some of the areas that could be improved in the process of risk management. The first area is the use data analytics tools in the process. These are the automated tools that may be applied on the data and information sets to identify the associated patterns and trends that may be involved. These tools should have been used in the process of risk identification and risk assessment. The use of these tools would have provided the patterns that would have led to better prevention and treatment of the risks for root cause analysis. The second areas that are suggested for improvement in the risk management plan and process is the use of other automated tools for risk monitoring, control, and reporting. There are risks reporting tools that have been developed and should have been integrated so that risk reports were prepared and circulated to keep a track of the process.